Internet Pro Or Con :: essays research papers

Overall Disaster: Right at Your Fingertips      Internet addicts and world pioneers the same are managing a marvel they don't completely comprehend; the web, a tremendous, ungovernable, personal, adjust reality, through which, nearly the sky is the limit. Albeit many recognition the web as a harbinger to another age and laud its temperances as a data source, the web brings difficulties few are prepared to confront. The flexibility of the web brings these difficulties into numerous domains of our regular day to day existence. This paper will examine how the web harms business, worldwide relations, and relational connections.      The business enterprises have hooked onto the web as though it were free cash. Many, however have been gotten ignorant. Trade experiences significantly data holes and encroachment. Perhaps the biggest misfortune originate from the loss of prized formulas. Joseph Kizza, a specialist scientist in the field of web impact, expresses the issue compactly:      Two kinds of data can spill on the web: (1) data on gadgets,  â â â â designs, forms, programming structures, and numerous other mechanical procedures, and (2)  â â â â information on individual employees’ life assets - representative gathered  â â â â  â â â â knowledge and experience...When a representative is recruited by an organization he/she  â â â â usually signs an agreement with another business against revelation of data  â â â â â€Å"acquired over the span of employment.† But by the idea of the web a  â â â â employee can live by this agreement but then uncover as much data, most  â â â â times unwittingly, into the web network. (147) Such data holes can harm singular organizations in a serious situation. Long stretches of exploration and a huge number of dollars can be spilled out accidentally. Encroachment utilizes these prized formulas for gain. An infringer is any individual who utilizes restrictive data to benefit undeservedly. Be that as it may, not at all like different offenders no open law authorization can be utilized to examine an infringer (Kizza 78). The proprietor of licenses or copyrights must compensation any costs acquired for examining and indicting. Considering the powerlessness to follow web access in such a case scarcely any encroachments are ever gotten. This can be annihilating to trade (Kizza 78).  â â â â Concerning global relations the web has just done a lot of harm. The British Broadcasting Company, ran a program in 1995 clarifying how before any genuine besieging started in the Gulf War, the US government utilized web fighting to drop the â€Å"I-Bomb† on Saddam Hussein’s data frameworks (Bourdieu 57). The program suggested that the harm done in such fighting is more crushing than the physical harm done by the besieging. Web Pro Or Con :: papers research papers Overall Disaster: Right at Your Fingertips      Internet addicts and world pioneers the same are managing a wonder they don't completely comprehend; the web, a huge, ungovernable, cozy, modify reality, through which, nearly the sky is the limit. Albeit many recognition the web as a harbinger to another age and praise its excellencies as a data source, the web brings difficulties few are prepared to confront. The flexibility of the web brings these difficulties into numerous domains of our regular daily existence. This paper will examine how the web harms trade, universal relations, and relational connections.      The business enterprises have locked onto the web as though it were free cash. Many, however have been gotten ignorant. Trade experiences significantly data breaks and encroachment. Perhaps the biggest misfortune originate from the loss of competitive advantages. Joseph Kizza, a specialist analyst in the field of web impact, expresses the issue briefly:      Two sorts of data can spill on the web: (1) data on gadgets,  â â â â designs, forms, programming structures, and numerous other mechanical procedures, and (2)  â â â â information on individual employees’ life assets - worker amassed  â â â â  â â â â knowledge and experience...When a representative is recruited by an organization he/she  â â â â usually signs an agreement with another business against divulgence of data  â â â â â€Å"acquired over the span of employment.† But by the idea of the web a  â â â â employee can live by this agreement but then unveil as much data, most  â â â â times accidentally, into the web network. (147) Such data holes can harm singular organizations in a serious situation. Long stretches of examination and a great many dollars can be spilled out accidentally. Encroachment utilizes these competitive advantages for gain. An infringer is any individual who utilizes exclusive data to benefit undeservedly. However, dissimilar to different offenders no open law authorization can be utilized to explore an infringer (Kizza 78). The proprietor of licenses or copyrights must compensation any costs caused for exploring and indicting. Considering the failure to follow web access in such a case not many encroachments are ever gotten. This can be pulverizing to trade (Kizza 78).  â â â â Concerning universal relations the web has just done a lot of harm. The British Broadcasting Company, ran a program in 1995 clarifying how before any genuine besieging started in the Gulf War, the US government utilized web fighting to drop the â€Å"I-Bomb† on Saddam Hussein’s data frameworks (Bourdieu 57). The program suggested that the harm done in such fighting is more pulverizing than the physical harm done by the bombarding.

Malaysias Tourism Industry: An Analysis

Malaysias Tourism Industry: An Analysis 1.0 Introduction The Malaysian the travel industry appears to speak to an inexorably significant part and it palys a significant job inside the Malaysian economy and has been answerable for the development of the economy throughout the years. This industry has become a significant wellspring of income for the general financial improvement of the nation. For an industry that is significant, it is exact that the administration find a way to make the travel industry a vital financial and work need. Coordinations is a training that has been utilized in a few different businesses however now is seeming, by all accounts, to be extremely useful and relevant in the vacationer and amusement area. It is seen here that the movement and the travel industry in Malaysia has kept on improving throughout the years and this specific industry has figured out how to make a noteworthy commitment to Malaysias income. What is knownâ here is that the Malaysian travel and the travel industry continues to stay to be one of the fundamental pay workers that keep on assisting with fortifying Malaysias equalization of installment. The travel industry of Malaysia is fit for being grouped into around seven classes ande these are as per the following: Edu-the travel industry Household the travel industry Shopping the travel industry Doctor toursm Eco-the travel industry Agro-Tourism Sports the travel industry In this exploration, there will be an assessment of the issues and issues identifying with the coordinations rehearses by firms in different applicable businesses that are identified with the Malaysain the travel industry and the way that these organizations do their coordinations rehearses. Fundamentally, the primary spotlight would be on concocting basic techniques that would empower these organizations to have the option to enahnce their works on identifying with coordinations to assist the entirety of the business. There are various systems that can be received by these organizations so as to upgrade their presentation in this exploration will be focused on distinguishing one procedure that can help the organizations in the visitor business in Malaysia to improve their coordinations rehearses. Specifically, the reasonability of the coordinations cost investigation system will be inspected here and a hypothesis will be made about the practicality of the use of this methodology to upgrade the exhibition of firms in the travel industry in Malaysia and the presentation of the business itself. This examination will be fit for creating effective yields that will make it workable for ends to be drawn about the coordinations effectiveness of the organizations working inside the travel industry in Malaysia and the potential approaches to build the proficiency of an organizations coordinations tasks so as to guarantee upgraded and proficient execution inside the business. After all pertinent issue has been considered in, the scientist will have the option to feature all the calculated variables influencing travel and the travel industry in Malaysia and would have the option to come to an end result that would then be able to be utilized to devise a system or structure that can be utilized by firms in the business to consummate their coordinations rehearses. 1.1 Problem Statement As noted, there are various components that have been distinguished as being factors that have caused for the travel industry to encounter difficulties and it is these sorts of misfortunes thatt have the effect of decreasing the exhibition of the organizations inside this industry. Calculated components are the sorts of variables that could decide the effectiveness at which the an association inside the indsutry can work at greatest productivity. For an entirely beneficial industry like the Malaysian the travel industry, it is extremely basic for any sort of factor inside the business that may cause for issues to be looked by the Malaysian the travel industry segment to be recognized and tended to, so as to guarantee that this industry keeps on being a ready to acquire income for Malaysia. Issues identifying with coordinations can generally be an obstacle to the advancement of a firm and even an industry, if all the organizations don't have a proficient coordinations methodology. Amo ng the pertinent firms that are affected by coordinations in this industry incorporate firms from the administrations, neighborliness, visit working, the travel industry situated and diversion arranged firms. These organizations can utlize different coordinations systems so as to diminish costs and improve their administrations. These organizations are experiencing coordinations the executives gives that are thusly decreasing the exhibition of the whole business and henceforth it is basic that these organizations receive a system that would improve coordinations rehearses. 1.2 Significance of the Research This exploration is signficant in light of the fact that it tends to a basic issue identifying with coordinations and the way that the calculated acts of an association inside the travel industry can influence the way that the firm performs. This examination will decide the condition of the calculated acts of firms in the business and the yield will be utilized to decide whether there is an insufficiency in the coordinations practices of firms in the business. The exploration will at that point endeavor to make a proposition of procedures so as to consummate the coordinations practices of firms in the association using systems and structures. 1.3 Scope of Research This examination will be centered fundamentally around looking at the coordinations practices of firms in the Malaysian the travel industry and the effectiveness at which they do their coordinations rehearses. The degree would be on inspecting the coordinations practices of firms just from the travel industry in Malaysia and to propose a procedure inside the circle of coordinations that is fit for understanding these wasteful aspects and issues looked by these organizations. 1.4 Research Objectives The primary research destinations of the task will be plot here. The principle objective here will be to decide the strategic elements influencing travel and the travel industry in Malaysia. To be capable. To have the option to accomplish the essential target of this examination paper, there are a couple of auxiliary goals that must be resolved, among them are as per the following: Looking at the coordinations execution of the travel industry in Malaysia Deciding whether Malaysia firms in the travel industry are experiencing a lack in logistcal execution Looking at the techniques that can be embraced all together for coordinations execution of to be fit for being improved in firms working inside the travel industry, so as to upgrade the general execution of the Malaysian the travel industry. 1.5 Research Questions What is the degree of coordinations execution of the travel industry in Malaysia? Is firms in the Malaysian the travel industry experiencing an inadequacy in logistcal execution? What are the methodologies that can be embraced all together for coordinations execution to be equipped for being improved in firms working inside the travel industry in order to upgrade the general execution of the Malaysian the travel industry? 2.0â Literature Review In this section, there will be a writing survey that will be completed on this examination theme and subsequently this implies there will be an audit of writing relating the travel industry and strategic foundation. The survey initiates with an audit of writing that identifies with the portrayal of the travel industry item, the advantages of putting resources into the travel industry, an audit of writing concerning the travel industry the board, the charactertistics of the travel industry, the assessments of past scientists about the methodologies that can be utilized to enahnce the coordinations rehearses inside the business to convey esteem, the worth chain of the travel industry. 2.1 Characteristics of the Tourism Industy As per Dwyer and Forsyth, (1997), the travel industry has various qualities of a serious market. Basically, there are not many obstructions to section into the market, the market can be portrayed similar to a really worldwide market that have a couple of unnatural hindrances to exchange, there are countless firms inside the business and the costs are determined to the sole premise of market desires, basically. Inside a profoundly serious market like the travel industry, there doesn't appear to be any distinction, with regards to the yield from various sorts of visitors. Inside this sort of a serious market, assets must be sent at a level that reflects their chance expense. What this mean here is that they will be utilized at a level that makes it conceivable to gives an adequate come back to financial specialists when talking regarding the expense of capital. On the off chance that there are assets which give better than average benefits they are offered up in cost and any unusual benefit is dispersed into the expense of capital (Dwyer and Forsyth, 1997). 2.2 The Tourism Product Described 2.2.1 Features of the Tourism Product It has been expressed that Yilmaz and Bititci, (2006), that the travel industry item is said to convey the attributes relating to the administration item just as the qualities that are unique to the travel industry, and it is this that will in general make theâ the travel industry item to be very different from physical products. What can be said here is that these attributes are compelling when it identifies with the exhibition of the travel industry foundations and they must be mulled over when execution estimation and the board frameworks are being planned. An exceptional and particular highlights of the travel industry item can eb said as it being not able to be seen and contacted genuinely before being bought, and which implies that it is elusive. It is appreicated here that this sort of elusiveness does basically make it harder to purchase however simpler to have the option to appropriate (Evans et al., 2003). It does likewise make the travel industry to be subject to the portrayals just as the depictions that are inside printed or broad media structures, and, subsequently, it is guessed here that data is the imperative apparatus which makes it conceivable to tie makers inside the movement business (Ujma, 2001). Th

2.009 Recap wearables, games, and other SUPER products

2.009 Recap wearables, games, and other SUPER products Last week, I posted the webcast  of the final presentations for 2.009 (Product Engineering Processes), a capstone product design course in Course 2 (MechE). As promised, I wanted to follow up with a recap blog post this week now that the 2.009 staff has posted the final presentation videos. You can watch the full video here: If you would like to watch a particular team demo a particular product, you can use these timestamp links to skip ahead to that point in the video: Silver team: fireSense, a wearable for firefighters that can detect if a room is unsafe to enter without opening the door (brochure) Red team: Blink, glasses that allow those living with extremely limited motor function (e.g. ALS patients) to control smart home devices with their eyes (brochure) Green team:  tachi, a board game platform for the visually impaired and sighted to play together (brochure) Pink team: Volti, a hands-free music page turner for musicians (brochure) Blue team: Robin, a wearable that provides real-time haptic feedback to help those who are hard of hearing modulate their voice (brochure) Yellow team: Coordinate, a system that provides real-time feedback via mesh networking for search and rescue teams (brochure) Purple team: Animo, a wearable that detects Parkinsons tremors and vibrates antiresonantly to neutralize them (brochure) Orange team: Rhino, a device for masons to help speed up, and clean up, the repair of brick facades (brochure) If youd like to learn more about the class, you can watch this mini-documentary following the Silver team through the process: the build challenge from early in the class to get students accustomed to collaborating in order to build things that solve problems: and a recap of some fond memories from the class: 2.009 is definitely one of those only at MIT kind of classes. I love going to the finals every year and seeing what the students who we help admit end up designing for the world! Post Tagged #2.009 #Course 2 - Mechanical Engineering

Analysis of The War on Poverty - 787 Words

The â€Å"War on Poverty†, introduced by former US President, Lyndon B. Johnson during his State of the Union address, was the unofficial name for legislation. President Johnson delivered his War on Poverty speech at a time of recovery in which the poverty level had fallen from 22.4% in 1959 to 19% in 1964. Critics saw it as an effort to get the United States Congress to authorize social welfare programs. [1] During Johnson’s 1964 Presidential campaign, he often spoke about his vision for America. He envisioned an America where no child will go unfed and no youngster will go unschooled; where every child has a good teacher and every teacher has good pay, and both have good classrooms; where every human being has dignity and every worker†¦show more content†¦Our chief weapons in a more pinpointed attack will be better schools, and better health, and better homes, and better training, and better job opportunities to help more Americans, especially young Americans , escape from squalor and misery and unemployment rolls where other citizens help to carry them. Very often a lack of jobs and money is not the cause of poverty, but the symptom. The cause may lie deeper in our failure to give our fellow citizens a fair chance to develop their own capacities, in a lack of education and training, in a lack of medical care and housing, in a lack of decent communities in which to live and bring up their children.† [3] President Johnson declared the war on poverty 50 years ago and at that time only 19 percent of all Americans were poor. He claimed that as a wealthy nation we can afford to win this war. He proposed many initiatives such as expanding food stamps to providing new unemployment insurance. Priorities have changed since. Food benefits were cut down at an average of 7 percent costing around $9 a month for about 48 million Americans, in November 2013. The food stamp program that had been enacted was allowed to expire during the great recession. In January, 1.3 million Americans were unemployed. They were scheduled to stop receiving unemployment checks, after Congress refused to lengthen the extension of jobless benefits to 73 weeks, from 26.Show MoreRelatedLiberal Individualism And The American Welfare System1324 Words   |  6 PagesJohnson’s war on poverty. Davies gives careful consideration to the political and authoritative battles of the 1960’s, particularly in the course of seeing the American welfare system differently. There were several important historical events and circumstances that contributed to the transition from opportunity liberalism to entitlement liberalism. These included the White House Planning Conference, Civil Rights Movement, Race and Poverty, National Welfare Movement, and the Vietnam War. Davies’ summarizationRead MoreINSECURITY IN NIGERIA1454 Words   |  6 Pages TOPIC: INSECURITY POVERTY AND INSURGENCY IN NIGERIA: THE BOKO HARAM CHALLENGE. ABSTRACT: This paper aims to study the insecurity in Nigeria which is widely caused by Islamic sects known as Boko Haram in Nigeria and its effects on security. This paper will also find if there is a connection between poverty and Insurgency that has led to a great unrest in NigeriaRead MoreWar On Drugs And Its Effects On Society Essay1730 Words   |  7 PagesStirling McKelvie Dr. Ellerbe SOC2090-001; Social Problems 21 November 2016 Final Paper War on Drugs Introduction The War on Drugs was established in the early 70’s to end drug abuse, which had increasingly become a problem during that era. Considering drugs will continue to be manufactured and consumed, this war has no end. And because there is no boundaries, there is room for discrimination and people being targeted. A disproportionate amount of minorities, particularly African Americans, areRead MorePoverty Essay1312 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is poverty? Poverty is the indicator of individual socio-economic status. Socioeconomic status measures individual income and merit within society. The topic poverty is a serious issue that should not be taken for granted. People from the vulnerable population are often forgotten about within society. As the researcher, one’s objective is to highlight the social issue poverty, demographics, and impact. As well the measurements used to calculate poverty. Why is poverty an issue of significanceRead MoreWhy has Cambodia Remained So Poor Es say570 Words   |  3 Pagesof Cambodians live below the national poverty line, implying that at least one in five Cambodians live in destitution. The majority of the poor hail from the rural regions lacking the necessary resources to meet even their daily needs. Cambodia’s prolonged history of violence is one of the chief factors contributing to the current situation, notably, the Khmer Rouge regime, and the period of Vietnamese Communist occupation from 1980-1989. Basing my analysis of the socio-economic and political situationRead More The Progressive Era Essay1275 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica’s economy faltered people started to panic. For Americans the main issues asked were how to make society work more efficiently. The great society era was a time of optimism after the post-world war II occurred. The creations of new federal programs were developed for those who were in need due to poverty, being disabled or old age. In the progressive era there were economic, social and political developments that occurred to improve the social well-being of its people. There were many socialRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The World1158 Words   |  5 PagesFaceTime allow people to have live conversations from far distances. Sharing information and ideas allows for innovations. Many opportunities can occur from globalization such as growth in Capita, better health care systems, advancement in technology. Analysis: Global trade enables different countries to share their products and resources. There is not a single nation in the world that has all the resources to self-sustain itself. Across the world, developed nations can have the technology for innovationRead MoreCounter Terrorism Alternatives By James Penney. English Composition II1286 Words   |  6 Pagesterrorism. If our country wants to never send another son or daughter to war then we must first understand who the terrorists are. Former President George Bush said â€Å"we fight against poverty because hope is an answer to terror† (Lee 2011). On the other hand, there are studies that say the opposite, that terrorism is not related to poverty. Poverty and education are very important factors of what violence occurs. The lower the poverty and education the increased chances for violence. Social status,Read MoreThe Causes And Prevention Of Africa942 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty in Africa Africa is the only continent that is economically getting worse over the last three decades (Houston). Even though Africa is a land full of natural resources, there are too many conflicts and other causes that the people cannot utilize these resources to improve their economy. The most poorest parts of Africa is located at Sub-Saharan area, where most people live in extreme-poverty and they have trouble feeding themselves. It is important to understand the causes of poverty inRead MoreBritish Colonization Of Indi A Type Of Government1680 Words   |  7 Pagescontrol of India prior to the British. The British saw the readily available resources such as tea, spices, and gold obtained from prior trade with the British. Soon after the British wanted total control of India and In went to war with the Dutch. British ended up winning the war after the fall of the Mughal empire. this lead the British to reform India and India s administrative and economic development with the use of tech nology Britain s industrial mills drove many Indians out to the handcraft textile

What is Socratic Irony

Socratic irony is a technique used in the Socratic method of teaching. Irony is a communication technique employed when someone says something that conveys a message that contradicts the literal words. In the case of Socratic irony, Socrates might pretend to think his students wise or he might denigrate his own intelligence, as by pretending he doesnt know the answer. According to the article Socratic irony in The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy (Simon Blackburn. Oxford University Press, 2008), a Socratic irony is Socratess irritating tendency to praise his hearers while undermining them, or to disparage his own superior abilities while manifesting them. Someone attempting to use Socratic irony might sound like the old television detective Columbo who always disparaged his own talents to make the suspect think he was an idiot.

Vietnam War and the Media Free Essays

string(98) " the America media were not expectant of the attack and assumed that the military did not either\." Write an essay that offers a critical examination of the concept of the ‘guilty media’ thesis in respect of any war of your choice Natasa Perdiou The Vietnam War was the first war that allowed uncensored media coverage resulting in images and accounts of horrific events that served to shape public opinion of the war like nothing that had been seen before. This portrayal by the media led to a separation between the press and the U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Vietnam War and the Media or any similar topic only for you Order Now government, as much of what was reported defied the intentions of government policy. The media has fell blame by many for the result of the war, as it is widely believed that the war could not have been won under the scrutiny that came from the American people as a result of the media coverage. From the beginning of the Vietnam War to the present, the media has been an immeasurable factor in the perception of the war as the stories, true or false, that were reported gave the American people a face to an ugly war. The question over how much, if any, the media had affected the outcome of the war has been an unrelenting one and is likely to continue for a long time to come. But one fact that cannot be doubted is that the dreadfulness of war entered the living rooms of Americans for the first time during the Vietnam War. For nearly a decade the American public could watch villages being destroyed, Vietnamese children burning to death, and American body bags being sent home. Although early coverage mainly supported U. S involvement in the war, television news dramatically changed its frame of the war after the Tet Offensive. Images of the U. S led massacre at My Lai dominated the television, yet the daily atrocities committed by North Vietnam and the Viet Cong rarely made the evening news. Moreover, the anti-war movement at home gained increasing media attention while the U. S soldier was forgotten in Vietnam. There was a stable build up of US military support activity in Vietnam during the period 1954 to 1965, but the first combat troops did not emerge until March 1965. During this period, media attention in the war was slow in building up, the first resident TV correspondent, NBC’s Garrick Utley, only arriving in late 1964. The media did build up and as the war became progressively more aggressive, journalists were sent out in increasing numbers. It would be fair to say that reporting of Vietnam increased approximately in proportion to the military presence. Prior to the involvement of ground troops in Vietnam, media coverage was concentrated to the political dimension of the war of stabilizing a non-communist regime in South Vietnam. The media at this time was committed to reporting news that reflected the common anti-communist stance, which was so † powerful in the early 60’s that as long as the Vietnam War remained small, the administration had little trouble with the press† (Hallin 28). [4] By 1965 media coverage of Vietnam increased as the U. S. was becoming more part of an aggressive war. Reporting began to shift from the intention of eradication the world of communism to the frustration of the men in the field. After the heavy use of ground troops, a shift in coverage occurred that â€Å"put much of the attention on the military situation† of the war. (Wyatt 133). [9] An increasing number of reports began to emerge about a lack of incentive and motivation on the part of the South Vietnamese troops. This brought to question the whole role of American interference, as the U. S. was proposed to support the South Vietnamese in their effort against the North, not the other way around. 1965 did not only mark the increase of ground troops into Vietnam, it also brought the emergence of television into the realm of media coverage, while the government was trying to maintain the idea that that the U. S was making encouraging progress, that the Vietnam War was necessary and that victory was not inevitable. While a small percentage of coverage was dedicated to warfare and death, what was seen was not forgotten by the American people. The famous General William Westmoreland states that â€Å"[the coverage was] almost exclusively violent, miserable or controversial; guns firing, men falling, helicopters crashing, buildings toppling, huts burning, refugees fleeing, women wailing. A shot of a single building in ruins could give the impression of an entire town destroyed. † [7] So, in spite of continuous reports of victory, the public had a hard time coming to grips with what they saw their troops involved in Vietnam. Such coverage, along with the vivid images that emerge on T. V. ed to a serious rise in anti-war protest that was merely strengthened by the events of 1968. The Tet Offensive of 1968 marked the greatest conflict in beliefs of the United Stated government and the media. In January, North Vietnamese troops attacked the North cities of South Vietnam and the U. S. embassy in Saigon. The media and the television, however, portrayed the attack as a brutal defeat for the U. S, totally altering the outcom e of the war at the very moment when government officials were publicly stating that victory in Vietnam was â€Å"just around the corner† (Wyatt 167)[8]. The media covered all the events that immediately followed the Tet Offensive and the American public began wondering whether this war could be won. Don Oberdorfer a Washington reporter said that â€Å"there’s no doubt Tet was one of the biggest events in contemporary American history, within two months the, American body politically turned around on the war. And they were significantly influenced by events they saw on television†. [2] The Tet offensive was not totally unpredicted by the US military. In reality, the final result was a success, in military terms, for the US as the Vietnamese did undergo serious casualties and were driven back. However, the America media were not expectant of the attack and assumed that the military did not either. You read "Vietnam War and the Media" in category "Papers" Seeing the US embassy being undertaken by the Vietnamese presented the event as a defeat, ‘television fell prey to its chronic lust for drama. ’[1] After the Tet offensive the media began to attack the American involvement in Vietnam. It became clear to the American public that there was no clear way to win the war. Also, in reaction to public mood the media started sending damaging reports from the frontlines; they suggested that American troops lacked the specific training for the terrain and the type of warfare they were subjected to. They also gave the idea to people that the new rebellious generation and the great pressures of the war meant that many soldiers were drug abusers and carrying out atrocities. The media concentrated on civilian casualties and incidents such as the one in My Lai, These images on people’s televisions, left people in outrage, many had lost faith in the war and saw no military plan capable of wining such a war. They were outraged by their country’s conduct in the war and were set into a moral panic, seeing brutal scenes of civilian casualties committed by their own troops. The war was now seen as a shameful one and the government was seen to be at fault, forcing many young men to their death or to commit the atrocities they saw on their TV screens. The former Vietnam correspondent Robert Elegant of the Los Angeles times said that â€Å"for the first time in modern history the outcome of a war is seemed destined to be determined not on the battlefield but on the printed page and, above all, on the television screen† [3] The reporting of the actual war was deteriorating, just at the moment when the American military advisers hoped to push for victory. The North Vietnamese causalities following the Tet offensive had left them vulnerable and it was expected that an immediate attack to cut the Ho Chi Minh trail would permit the US troops the chance for total success. The news, though, was almost totally concentrating on the rising anti-war division in the US and stories of low morale and indiscipline among the US troops. The media were responsible for the American withdrawal from Vietnam because of the poor quality of reporting which lacked in validity in its facts about events and incidents in the war. It seems with all these misreports or blatant lies, which was meant to purposely damage the image of the American fighting forces in Vietnam public opinion of the war was very low in America. However the question is to what extent, if any, did this coverage change the outcome of the war? It would be reasonable to suggest that the Tet offensive was the most significant incident in shaping the outcome of the war. The media certainly reported the assault in the most inaccurate way for the US army. Activist young journalists, who had not in the past witness any real fighting were all of a sudden bounded by fighting supposed that the North Vietnamese had won a great victory. The US government and army were to a degree guilty since they were aware the assault was going to happen and did not inform the media for reasons of national security. There was a succeeding recovery by the Americans and the media did not report this. Moreover, fragile leadership, mainly from Lyndon Johnson, did not motivate confidence in the war effort. Evidence does also indicate that there was no absolute public support for the war, even earlier than the negative coverage by media began. The reasons for the war, to ceased the spreading of communism (the Domino Theory), were not clearly demonstrated and maintained. Some Americans began to realise that the Communist threat was used as a scapegoat to hide imperialistic intentions. After the media’s massive blunder of reporting the Tet offensive as a major psychological defeat, and not having the sophistication, integrity or courage to admit their error opposition to war rose sharply. These innumerable domestic divisions gave the chance to high ranking members of Johnson’s administration to begin expressing their disapproval of Johnson’s actions to the media. This put pressure on government into engaging in to a more defensive military strategy that may have altered the likelihood of victory for the US. President Johnson was under fire from anti-war ‘doves’ and submitted to both ceasing the bombing of North Vietnam and beginning the Paris Peace talks. As expected, he also announced his decision not to stand for re-election. To make things worse, the war cost two-thousand-million dollars every month. The price of many goods in the United States began to rise. The value of the dollar began to drop. The result was inflation. Then economic activity slowed, and the result was recession. Opposition to the war and to the Administration’s war policies led to bigger and bigger anti-war demonstrations. Johnson’s successor, Richard Nixon, in an effort to gain the public support back announced a plan of ‘Vietnamization’ of the war. This involved swapping US troops with more South Vietnamese troops, trained and armed by the US, after the first US troop withdrawals from Vietnam started in June 1969. Unluckily for Nixon, this did not discourage the anti-war protest who demonstrated in record numbers (250,000) in Washington in November 1969. [10] Images in television in every living room in America were showing the true dreadfulness of war for the first time. Reports of military failure (especially Tet) and slaughter such as the My Lai event shaped an air of scepticism. The media at home were also reporting the rising number and intensity of anti-war protest, legitimising opposition to war. A thing television was guilty of was only placing emphasis on the US troops. The stories that made the news were always about US troops in combat, US troops doing civil action, sometimes US troops in trouble (desertion, drugs, fragging). The allies, whose losses (280,000 South Vietnamese dead) far exceeded those of American troops, were invisible to the American crews. This gave the American public the feeling that the war was being waged mostly by the Americans and it was probably this, more than the almost exclusively violent coverage which gave the public a sense of disillusionment and war weariness. Additionally, media coverage of the war in Vietnam shook the faith of citizens at home. The media was the catalyst, which promoted the rising American anti-war movement. They were to a great degree accountable for the American troops’ withdrawal from Vietnam because of its poor quality of reporting which lacked in accuracy about the facts and events of the war. It is obvious that this kind of misinformation seriously destroyed both the image and the morale of the American soldier in Vietnam. There’s no wonder public opinion of the war was very low in America. But the truth is that the media only sunk a slowly sinking politically based ship, as public opinion of the war was already falling. The public were already starting to see through the government’s political talk that they had no definite military plan for victory or a justifiable reason to fight against a nation of infantrymen. The American media just dramatised the events to entirely destroy the very political principles which started the war. The media caused such a moral alarm in America at the time, people lost trust in its own government. The media left t America in such a chaos that its own government had to surrender to public opinion. So to what extend are the media guilty for the loss of the war? The media played a key role in American withdrawal from Vietnam. It might as well be proper to suggest that with American support for the war, America forces effort into the war may have been better and the outcome of the war may have been different. Nevertheless, the chief reality is that the America forces in Vietnam had no apparent military strategy to be successful in its political mean. So consequently the media can not be solely guilty for the American withdrawal. Yet, the question is, would have American forces been withdraw from Vietnam with no media negative reporting of the war? The answer is that we will never know for sure. But we can undoubtedly say that Americans’ support for the war would have mostly remained high all over the war, the pressure on the American troops and government wouldn’t have appeared. Without all of the these factors the American troops may have had the time to adjust to the style of warfare and topography and resolve the behavioural and discipline troubles they were facing which highly attracted the media attention. This could mean that America would have continued the war in Vietnam, which may, but not definitely would have created a different outcome. Despite this, you still can’t say that the media is totally responsible for the withdrawal of American fighting forces in Vietnam. It was the longest war in American history which resulted in nearly 60,000 American deaths and an estimated 2 million Vietnamese deaths. The financial cost to the United States was just as deep. Even today, many Americans still ask whether the American effort in Vietnam was a sin, a blunder, a necessary war, or a noble cause, or an idealistic, if failed, effort to protect the South Vietnamese from totalitarian government. Nicholas Hopkinson’s statement is the one that probably best reflects the situation of the media in Vietnam: As public enthusiasm faded, reporting became more and more critical[†¦] but to single the media out as the decisive element in declining public opinion is incorrect. US opinion turned against the war because it was long unsuccessful, costly in terms of human life and expenditure. ’[6] Words: 2314 References Bibliography: 1. Braestrup, Peter. â€Å"The News Media and the War in Vietnam: Myths and Realities† 2. Don Oberdorfer, Tet! , September 1, 1971 3. Elegant, Robert, ‘How to Lose a War’, Encounter, 57, 2 (1981), 73 89 4. Hallin, Daniel C. , The Uncensored War: The Media and Vietnam. Los Angles: California University of California Press, 1986. 5. George Herring, America’s Longest War: The United States in Vietnam, 1950-1975 (1986) . Nicholas Hopkinson, â€Å"War and the media’’ Wilton Paper 55 (London: HMSO, 1992): 6-7 7. Westmoreland, William C. A Soldier Reports (Garden City, N. Y. , Doubleday, 1976) 8. William M. Hammond, Public Affairs: The Military and the Media, 1962-1968 (1989) and Public Affairs: The Military and the Media, 1968-1973 (1996). 9. Wyatt, Clarence R. Paper Soldiers: The Americ an Press and the Vietnam War. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995. Internet sources : 10. www. nytimes. com/learning/general/onthisday/big/1115. html How to cite Vietnam War and the Media, Essays

Debut Albums and Powerful Personal Experience free essay sample

Experiencing grief Is Like Jumping Into freezing, Ice cold water. Grieving Is a strong, overwhelming feeling that is completely resistless: it is a universal state and a powerful personal experience. In the same way, jumping into ice cold water is overpowering as the iciness of the water hits hard. Whether it is caused by the death of a loved one, the ending of a serious relationship, or even a Job loss, grief causes a never-ending, emotional pain to an individual that cannot be controlled.The everlasting pain Is also experienced when Jumping Into freezing water, The harsh ND severe Impact of the freezing water sends disturbing thrills to ones body. Once immersed and engulfed in the icy cold water, it feels as if you are trapped and helpless; the coldness of the water surrounds your body as you desperately struggle to escape. Grieving and being immersed in icy water both feel as if you are surrounded with no way out. We will write a custom essay sample on Debut Albums and Powerful Personal Experience or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You feel entirely helpless and powerless- you are in complete shock. In both scenarios you experience a numb, painful and almost eternal feeling that cannot be disregarded. You feel empty and sometimes even stuck In the moment. Both situations cause a desperation of the need of something that cannot be returned; only time will allow you to adapt and accept these cases. As a result, experiencing grief is like Jumping into freezing water because they are both extreme feelings that cause an overwhelming feeling of emptiness. Experiencing grief is like Jumping into freezing, Ice cold water.Grieving Is a strong, overwhelming feeling that Is completely resistless; It is a universal state and a powerful personal experience. In the same way. Jumping Into ice cold water is overpowering as the iciness of the water hits hard. Whether it is caused by the death of a loved one, the ending of a serious relationship, or even a Job loss, grief causes a never-ending, emotional pain to an individual that cannot be controlled. The everlasting pain Is also experienced when Jumping into freezing water.The harsh and severe Impact of the freezing water sends disturbing thrills to ones body. Once Immersed and engulfed In the Icy cold water, It feels as If you are trapped and helpless; the coldness of the water surrounds your body as you desperately struggle to escape. Grieving and being Immersed in icy water both feel as if you are surrounded with no way out. You feel entirely helpless and powerless- you are in complete shock. In both scenarios you experience a numb, painful and almost eternal feeling that cannot be disregarded.You feel empty and sometimes even stuck In the moment. Both situations cause a desperation of the need of something that cannot be returned; only time will allow you to adapt and accept these cases. As a result, experiencing grief is like jumping into freezing water because they are both extreme feelings that cause an overwhelming feeling of emptiness. Experiencing grief is like Jumping into freezing, ice cold water. Grieving is a strong, overwhelming feeling that Is completely resistless; It is a universal state and a powerful personal experience.In the same way, Jumping Into Ice cold water Is everlasting pain is also experienced when Jumping into freezing water. The harsh and severe impact of the freezing water sends disturbing thrills to ones body. Once feeling that cannot be disregarded. You feel empty and sometimes even stuck in the overwhelming feeling that is completely resistless; it is a universal state and a powerful personal experience.

Angelica RojasRDG 553 Essays - Fiction, The Polar Express

Angelica RojasRDG 553 Assignment #2 Caldecott WinnersGenre --Picture Books Black and White Genre: Picture Books Sub Genre: Realistic Fiction Macaulay, D. (2005). Black and White. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0688119188 Summary: David Macaulay has written a unique book. The book is intriguing because it introduces the reader to four different stories that playfully interact with one another throughout the text. Macaulay lays out an explicit story where you have to pay attention of the pictures in the book to understand the next few pages. The characters introduced to us in the book are a boy in the train, silly acting parents, an escaped convict, and the commuter train late at night. As the reader begins to fill in gaps, you find the outlying theme of the book "the waiting game." The reader will find themselves confused in the first several pages, but once they unravel the puzzle it's clear the four stories all have similar theme. Age Appropriate: 4-7 years old Summary Lesson: I would have out a story map which will allow students to record the setting, the characters, events and explore plot, which would help the students understand the author's view. Students would be allowed to work in groups. The Polar Express Genre: Picture Book Subgenre: Fantasy Van Allsburg, C. (2015). The Polar Express. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 97-80395389492 Summary: In The Polar Express, Van Allsburg has written a wonderful Christmas story. The story begins on Christmas Eve with a little boy who is patiently waiting for Santa Claus to come. While he is lying in bed, he carefully listens out for Santa's sleigh bells. To his amazement he doesn't hear sleigh bells, but the sounds of screeching metal. He runs outside to find a train, while he is inspecting the train the conductor asks " if he would like to take a train ride to the North Pole. To his surprise he would go on beautiful journey adventure with all the children who still believe in the magic of Christmas. Even though this book falls under fantasy genre, children use their wild imagination to capture the spirit of Christmas which almost makes the book seem real. Age Appropriate: 5-9 years old Summary Lesson: For this lesson I would use a Story Map. The main of objective would be for students to analyze the structure and elements of the story by identifying the setting, the characters, any problems, events, and resolution. Furthermore, story mapping helps internalize the complexity of the story which will also help students understand all future stories. Hot Air: The (Mostly) True Story of the First Hot-Air Balloon Ride Genre: Picture Book Sub-genre: Adventure Fiction Priceman, M. (2005). Hot air. New York: Simon Schuster Children's Pub. ISBN 0-689-82442-7 Summary: Marjorie Priceman rights her rendition of the first hot air balloon ride in Versailles in 1783. Many small children would find it amusing that aviators of the hot air balloon are barn animals. Priceman does a great job writing historical facts and timing the events with non-fictional story lines. Furthermore, the book begins with mostly written text and slowly the illustrations take over and come to life. The animals are seen flying over France when suddenly a bird flies into the balloon and pops it. After the balloon make landfall, the brave aviators are greeted and carried back to Versailles where a big celebration awaits them. The theme throughout the book is the exciting adventure that the Animals are embarking on. Priceman makes clear and explicit connections between the characters, ideas, and events throughout the book. Age Appropriate: 4-9 years old Summary Lesson: Lesson Plan would fall under Language Arts. I would have the Students first watch a video from national geographic on the first hot air balloon ride. After watching the video and reading the book I would have students draw out their own hot air balloon ride. Once they have finished their picture, they will write a story. The story must have a character, a plot and a conclusion. Once the story is finished they will trade stories with their partners and edit each other's stories. Once the finished draft is complete we will display all the stories and pictures around the room and

What Are AP Classes Why Should You Take Them

What Are AP Classes Why Should You Take Them SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’ve started high school recently, or if you're due to start soon, you might be wondering, "What are AP classes?" You might have heard that they are extra-advanced or that you can get college credit from them. But how does it work? If you’ve been wondering what AP tests are and how they can help you, read on for our guide to AP courses and learn how they can get you ahead. What Is Advanced Placement? Advanced Placement is a program run by the College Board (the makers of the SAT) that allows you to take courses at your high school, which can earn you college credit and/or qualify you for more advanced classes when you begin college. So what are AP courses? They are designed to give you the experience of an intro-level college class while you’re still in high school. Plus, you can get college credit for the class if you pass the AP exam. AP classes were created in the mid-1950s as a response to the widening gap between secondary school (high school) and college. A pilot program in 1952 had 11 subjects, butAP didn’t officially launch until the 1956 school year,when the College Board took over the program and named it the College Board Advanced Placement Program. The program expanded rapidly over the years.These days,about 2.7 million students take AP exams every year in 38 subjects.It’s also much more common for students to take multiple AP classes over the course of their high school careers. Well, the content of an intro-level college class ... you won't sit in a lecture hall like this until college! But what exactly are AP exams?An AP exam isbasically a test of all you learn in an AP class. You earn college credit if you pass the examgiven at the end of the year in May. (AP tests are scored between 1 and 5, with anything above 3 considered passing.) While it's possible to skip the AP class and study for an AP exam independently, it's strongly recommended that you take the class.AP classes are specifically designed to help students prepare for the AP exams. Taking an AP course and passing the test is a sign that you're capable of handling college-level work, which will strengthen your college applications immensely. Want to get a perfect 5 on your AP exam and an A in class? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Why Take AP Classes? 3 Key Benefits Now that you know what AP classes are, why should you consider taking them? Below, we give you three potential benefits of taking AP classes. #1: They Can Boost Your College Applications Taking an AP class (or several!) is a great way to challenge yourself academically and show colleges that you're serious about your education. An AP class on your transcript signals stronger academic training, especially with high passing scores of 4 and 5 on the test. In particular, getting a 5 on an AP test shows that you are more advanced in a subject than 80-90% of advanced students- which looks very impressive to colleges! Since AP courses are challenging and require you to study for a comprehensive exam, they teach you skills that will help you in college classes. According to the College Board, students who take AP exams get higher grades in college than those with similar grades who don’t take AP exams. You basically get a head start in college. Many colleges say thatthey look to see if you took the hardest courses available to you at your school.Taking AP classes is often the best way to show that you are challenging yourself academically at your high school. For example, Yale says on their admissions website, "Weonly expect you to take advantage of [AP] courses if your high school provides them.† In other words, if your school has AP courses and you don’t take them, it might look as though you aren't challenging yourself. To take a West Coast example, USC is more straightforward: â€Å"Students should pursue Advanced Placement or International Baccalaureate classes whenever possible and if offered by high school.† Getting a high passing score of 4 or 5 further demonstrates your academic potential to colleges.(By the way, if you're curious about a college's suggested high school course load, look up its admissions website by searching "[School Name] admissions requirements.") #2: They Can Show Your Passion Taking AP exams is also a way to demonstrate real academic interest in a certain subject. For example,if you’re an aspiring engineer, taking the AP Calculus and AP Physics courses and passing the exams will prove to college admissions committees that you're serious about engineering and have the skills necessary to pursue it. On the other hand, if you're interested in political science or pre-law tracks, taking AP US History, AP US Government, AP Statistics, and/or AP Economics would show strong preparation for those subjects. Or ifyou’re hoping to be pre-med,taking AP Chemistry, AP Biology, and/or AP Calculus would indicate that you have the skills and background needed to handle tough pre-med classes as a college student. #3: They Can Get You College Credit Some colleges give credit for AP classes. This makes it possible to graduate from college in a far shorter amount of time, ultimately saving you money! For example,Harvard lets you apply for Advanced Standing if you've completed the equivalent of a year of college courses with AP exams. The University of Michigan, too,grants new students course credit and higher class placements for AP exams. However, some colleges use scores to help place students in higher-level classes but don't allow these credits to fulfill graduation requirements, so you can't graduate any earlier. Similarly, other schools might let you earn college credit but are limiting about which AP exams they accept. As an example, Stanford University accepts AP credit from many science, language, and math AP courses, but not any from history or English courses. Washington University in St. Louis will grant some credit for AP tests but doesn't allow you to use these credits to meet general education requirements: "A maximum of 15 units of prematriculation credit may be counted toward any undergraduate degree. These units will count toward graduation, but will not meet general education requirements." Despite all this, getting the boost into more advanced classes can help you work through a major more quickly and let you take more advanced and more interesting courses as a freshman. Even if you don't earn credit for your AP scores, AP classes can still get you ahead. If you’re curious about a college’s AP policy, the College Board has a database you can use to look up any school's policy. The fewer years college takes, the less you have to spend! How to Sign Up for AP Classes and Tests You can sign up for an AP course through your normal high school registration process. Keep in mind that some schools have prerequisite courses you have to take before you can sign up for an AP class. Track down your guidance counselor if you have any questions about this! You'll also sign up for AP tests through your school, which will havea designated AP coordinator (often a guidance counselor) to help with the process. If you’re home-schooled or want to take an AP test for a class your school doesn’t offer,contact your local school’s AP coordinator. AP tests cost $94 each.Some schools offer subsidies, and the College Board has financial aidin the form of a $32 fee reduction. Remember that if you pass the AP exam, you can exchange your score for college credit once you get to college. So even though that $94 fee is steep, it’s a bargain compared with the cost of taking that same class for a semester in college! What’s Next? Now that you now about AP classes, which ones should you take? Check out our comprehensive list of AP exams and guide. Also,learn about how long AP tests are and how to deal with testing fatigue. Also studying for the SAT? Learn how to boost your Reading, Math, and Writing scores, and get some essentialtips for the Essay. Studying for the ACT instead? Check out our ultimate ACT study guide,and get expert tips on how to write a great essay for the Writing section. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Changing our lives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Changing our lives - Essay Example Moreover, establishing of goals indicates how much progress has been made and how far one is from his destination. Thus, like millions of people, I have also established few goals to be achieved in my life. One of my primary goals is to seek higher professional education from the USA. Since I belong to the Middle East, proceeding to the USA for acquiring Masters Degree in International Relations is my prime ambition. It would be a token of great honor, respect and prestige when my family members, friends and relations would introduce me with others as a foreign qualified young man. It would certainly boost up my morale and I would experience the bewitching fragrance of pride and respect in my mind. Proceeding to the western societies for seeking professional education is really a pleasant dream for the Arab youth, because lucrative jobs and rapid promotions are in wait of such qualified persons on their return in their native country. During my stay in the USA, I will be able to lear n many things related to culture, civilization, society, religion and politics of the world. It is reality beyond suspicion that the USA is a multicultural society, where people belonging to divergent racial, ethnic, regional, religious and cultural groups and communities live together.

Easy Shop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Easy Shop - Essay Example This trend has been all the more marked with the emergence of new urban centres that are more or less sub-urban in nature. With the creation of new urban centres and with the rapid expansion in the Indian middle class there is good reason to believe that retail businesses would do well in a country like India. This reasoning has led to the development of new shopping centres and retail businesses throughout India. This report will look into the survivability of Argos’s Easy Shop concept located in a suburb of New Delhi, India’s capital. The nature of the city and the nature of the retailer will be looked into to see the suitability of business. Furthermore, the cash flow statement of the retailer will be presented in order to discern if the retailer would be able to survive the current market conditions. The basic approach will be to contrast earnings from sales and the incurred costs. A worst case scenario or a pessimistic business picture has also been developed in or der to assess the survivability of the business if faced with overwhelming odds in the first year. The major expense areas have been identified realistically along with the local taxation scheme in order to present as realistic a picture as possible. 2. GURGAON CITY’S DEVELOPING ECONOMIC PROWESS 2. Gurgaon City’s Developing Economic Prowess Gurgaon has emerged as the second largest urban centre in the Indian state of Haryana becoming its chief most industrial and financial hub. The urban centre can also be looked at from the perspective of New Delhi’s suburb given that it is only a 30 kilometres ride from New Delhi. As such Gurgaon is considered as one of the four major satellite cities that surround New Delhi (Sustainable Cities Collective, 2011). The city also hosts the third highest per capita income in India (Behl, 2009) making it a particularly attractive place for launching a retail business. Most of the city’s workers are employed by Fortune 500 companies as well as local businesses in and around Gurgaon (Taleja, 2009). This ensures that the local population have high levels of disposable incomes which are essential to the survival of any retailing business. Disposable incomes are particularly higher in the younger generation so there is no dange r of sustainability in terms of business. Also the chances for disposable income to increase are on the rise given that Gurgaon is fast becoming one of India’s largest outsourcing hubs (Government of Gurgaon, 2010). Instead there are chances that operating a retail business in a financial and industrial hub such as Gurgaon would lead to expansion in upcoming years. This fact can also be gauged from the presence of over forty five different malls around Gurgaon that are only set to increase further in upcoming times. 3. Background to Argos Argos is one the largest catalogue merchants being based in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Within the geographic domains of the United Kingdom, Argos is the largest retail brand with over 800 stores around the United Kingdom. Argos is owned and operated along with its sister concern Homebase by the Home Retail Group. Argos relies on catalogue retailing and so offers a wide range of brands that it owns and operates thereby adding greater val ue to both the consumer’s purchase and the business. The more notable brands being operated under Argos include Elizabeth Duke, Chad Valley, Sun Pearl, Challenge, Alba, Schreiber and Bush as well as a number of other brands (Intellectual Property Office, 2012). Argos is now looking to expand into the Indian market using the Easy Shop concept which would serve as a retail outlet for the Indian market. The first retail store is planned for Gurgaon in order to enter the Indian

Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Sewing Tasks

Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Sewing Tasks Title: Work-related psychosocial, physical and sociodemographic risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms of the neck, shoulders and low back among workers engaged in sewing tasks Abstract Background: Neck/shoulder and back pain are highly prevalent among workers engaged in sewing activities, but their risk factors are controversial or not well-established. Methods: Data on sociodemographic and work-related factors and musculoskeletal pain (MSP) were based on questionnaire surveys of Iranian sewing workers (n = 632) (i.e. carpet weavers, shoe workers and sewing machine operators). Results: The prevalence of neck, shoulder and low back pain was 57.9%, 40.5% and 51.6%, respectively. The prevalence of neck/shoulder pain was higher among females and with increasing age. Working posture and fast working were independently associated with neck, shoulder and low back pain. Number of years worked as a sewing worker was associated with neck and low back pain. Long duration of continuous sitting work without a break was only associated with neck pain. Conclusions: The findings emphasise the importance of individual, physical and psychosocial aspects of sewing tasks in association with MSP and highlight the role of prevention in the workplace in order to reduce MSP. Keywords: hand-sewn; shoemaking; carpet weaving; sewing machine; MSDs Introduction Musculoskeletal pain (MSP) in the low back and neck/shoulders is a common cause of reduced quality of life, sick leave, and work disability in both industrialized and industrially developing countries (van der Windt et al. 2000; Picavet and Schouten 2003; McBeth and Jones 2007; Dianat and Salimi 2014). The risk and protective factors of these pains among different occupational groups, particularly in those involved in sedentary and repetitive activities, can be divided into physical, psychosocial, organizational and sociodemographic factors (Arià «ns et al. 2000; van der Windt et al. 2000; Linton 2001; Cà ´tà © et al. 2008; Dianat and Salimi 2014). Evidence suggests that neck/shoulder and back pain are highly prevalent among workers engaged in sewing activities. Previous epidemiological studies have shown a high prevalence of neck/shoulder and back pain among sewing machine operators (Serratos-Perez and Mendiola-Anda 1993; Roquelaure et al., 2002; Ãâ€"ztà ¼rk and Esin 2011), hand-woven carpet weavers (Motamedzade and Moghimbeigi 2012; Nazari et al. 2012) and hand-sewn shoe workers (Dianat and Salimi 2014). Such tasks are typically highly repetitive, which are performed in a seated working posture for a long period of time. The operations usually require the operator to lean forward (with a forward inclined posture of both head and trunk) to see the point of operation and have better visual control of the task. Such a working condition can impose excessive physical load on the musculoskeletal system, and may eventually lead to the development of MSP in the neck/shoulder and back area. Several previous studies have assessed MSP among occupations involving sewing operations such as shoe sewing machine operators (Serratos-Perez and Mendiola-Anda 1993; Roquelaure et al. 2002), garment sewing machine operators (Westgaard and Jansen 1992; Kaergaard and Andersen 2000; Ãâ€"ztà ¼rk and Esin 2011; Wang et al. 2007; Dianat et al. 2015), hand-woven carpet weavers (Motamedzade and Moghimbeigi 2012; Nazari et al. 2012) and hand-sewn shoe workers (Dianat and Salimi 2014), although the effects of risk factors are not consistent and conclusive. There are, for example, very few studies which have examined the association between working postures and MSP among sewing machine operators with some studies showing positive association (Dianat et al. 2015), while others show no association (Ãâ€"ztà ¼rk and Esin 2011). This also seems to be the case for other relatively similar occupations (i.e. carpet weaving and shoemaking) and their contributing risk factors. Therefore, to reduce m usculoskeletal pain, there is a need to improve the understanding of the risk factors associated with such complaints among this working population. Further research in this area will help to better understand the nature of those jobs involving sewing operation and to develop corrective measures and intervention strategies for this population. It also contributes more evidence to the debate and has the potential to inform work practises in other developing societies with similar occupational groups. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of neck, shoulder and low back pain and their contributing sociodemographic and work-related (psychosocial and physical) risk factors among workers involved in different sewing activities. The intention was to place the discussion in a wider occupational context and use the findings to highlight areas that need more attention and to assist in introducing preventative measures and developing guidelines regarding safe working practices for those jobs involving sewing operation. Methods Study design and sample This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted in three provinces (East Azerbaijan, Kermanshah and Kordestan) in the western part of Iran. The study population consisted of those workers engaged in different sewing activities including hand-woven carpet weavers, hand-sewn shoe workers and sewing machine operators. Data on the number of workers and workshops in the study area was obtained from the Iranian Ministry of Industries and Mines. There were about 14,000 hand-woven carpet weavers, 7,000 hand-sewn shoe workers and 5,000 sewing machine operators in the study area who worked at approximately 1800, 1700 and 500 different workshops, respectively. Sampling was done using a multi-stage random selection process. In the first stage, the required numbers of workshops, which included 60 workshops from each of the three different occupational groups, were selected randomly (using probability proportion to size sampling method). Using the same procedure, participants were then selected from these workshops. The participants were familiarised with the study procedure and their questions were answered by the investigators. They each signed a written informed consent form before participation in the study. The study protocol was approved by the ethical review committee of the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Measures and data collection The data were collected using both questionnaire and direct observation of the participants during their work. Arrangements were made and then investigators visited the selected workshops for data collection. The questionnaire, administered by interviewing the participants, was composed of items on sociodemographic characteristics, work-related psychosocial and physical risk factors and musculoskeletal pain in the last month. Working postures were assessed through direct observation of participants’ postures at their workstations using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method (McAtamney and Corlett 1993). Musculoskeletal pain The questions on MSP were adapted from the standardised Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire (Kuorinka et al. 1987). This questionnaire has been translated and revised into Persian language and has an established validity and reliability (Dianat et al. 2014; Dianat and Karimi, 2014). The participants were asked whether they had experienced pain in the neck, shoulders or low back lasting for more than 1 day during the previous month. The location of these anatomic areas was also demonstrated by a drawing in the questionnaire. The response alternatives were: No/Yes. Those participants who reported MSP in any of these body areas were asked to rate its severity using a scale of 1 – very low pain to 5 – very high pain. Disruption of normal activities due to MSP (No/Yes) was also included. Sociodemographic and work-related factors The sociodemographic details included age, gender, height, weight, body mass index (BMI as weight/height2), educational level (Illiterate, Primary school, Secondary school, and Diploma), marital status (Single, Married), being involved in regular sport and physical activities each week (for at least 30 min) (No/Yes) and smoking habits (No/Yes). The questions regarding the work-related psychosocial and physical factors were based on prior knowledge and a literature review (Westgaard and Jansen 1992; Kaergaard and Andersen 2000; Wang et al. 2007; Ãâ€"ztà ¼rk and Esin 2011; Dianat and Salimi 2014) and included daily working hours, number of years worked as a sewing worker, having a second job (No/Yes), perceived speed of work (asking ‘Does your work require you to work very fast? No/Yes), duration of continuous work without a break (> 10 min) (asking ‘How many hours do you usually work without breaks (breaks > 10 min)?’), perceived pressure due to work (asking ‘Do you feel pressure due to work? No/Yes’) and job satisfaction based on the question: ‘How much are you satisfied with your job? Low, Moderate, High’. The questionnaire was tested in a pilot study on a sample of 65 participants in order to obtain feedback on the content, clarity and wording of the items of the questionnair e. The test-retest reliability (stability) of the items of the questionnaire was also good (Kappa coefficients ranged from 0.80 to 0.98). Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) (McAtamney and Corlett 1993) was used to assess the working postures of operators at their workstations. The RULA is a reliable and validated observational method for assessing biomechanical and postural loading on the musculoskeletal system of operators which is known to contribute to MSP. This method gives a score for each body part, where combinations of individual scores for upper arm, lower arm and wrist are called score â€Å"A†, those for neck, trunk and leg give score â€Å"B†, and the final score is called â€Å"grand score† which indicates the musculoskeletal loading associated with the operator’s posture. The original version of RULA checklist has been translated and revised into the Persian language and has shown to be valid and reliable (Dianat and Salimi 2014). The observations and recordings of working postures were performed by two trained observers. The inter-rater reliability of the RULA scores was also found to be good (Kappa coefficients ranging from 0.82 to 0.99). Statistical analysis The analysis of the data was performed using SPSS software (version 17.0; SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Sociodemographic data and work-related characteristics of the study participants were tabulated. Logistic regression models with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were developed to estimate the effects. The relationship between prevalence rates and study variables (sociodemographic and work-related characteristics) was initially assessed using univariate binary logistic regression analysis. The variables in the logistic regression analyses included sociodemographic (age, gender, BMI, educational level, marital status, smoking and being involved in regular sport/physical activities each week) and work-related characteristics (daily working hours, number of years worked as a sewing worker, having a second job, perceived speed of work, duration of continuous work without a break, perceived pressure due to work and job satisfaction) as well as three RULA scores including RULA score A (arm/wrist score), RULA score B (neck/trunk/leg score) and final RULA grand score. Multiple logistic regression analysis (using backward stepwise procedure) was also performed to estimate the association between independent variables and the reported neck, shoulder and low back pain in the multivariate context. The study variables were theoretically of equal importance, and therefore an equal role was assigned for all of them in the regression models without any adjustment. The assumptions of the models (including the presence of outliers and collinearity) were checked and the fit of the models was confirmed by the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. P Discussion The aim of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of MSP and their contributing risk factors among sewing workers in a wider occupational context. One of the main findings of the study was that the prevalence of MSP was considerably high among the study population with 76.2% of the sample reporting this, and of these 68% had more than one site of discomfort or pain. This finding provides further evidence that musculoskeletal pain and discomfort is a major problem in this group of workers. More than one-third of the respondents reported disruption of normal activities due to MSP. Individual factors including gender (being female), age (> 30 years old) and lower educational level were independently associated with the occurrence of MSP. Work-related variables such as the number of years worked as a sewing worker (> 20 years for the neck and > 10 years for the low back pain), duration of continuous sitting work (> 2 h) without a break, fast working and working postures were al so found to be independently associated with the occurrence of MSP among sewing workers. There were several notable findings regarding the relation of individual factors to MSP. The results of the present study indicated that gender was a significant factor for neck and shoulder complaints, so that females experienced such complaints more frequently than males. This is similar to the findings of Wang et al. (2007), who reported a higher prevalence of neck/shoulder pain in female sewing machine operators than in males. It was also shown that age was significantly positively associated with neck and shoulder pain. It has been acknowledged that better understanding of the task characteristics may provide an insight into the job (re)design to support the user needs of older working population in future (Stedmon et al. 2012). Moreover, the findings indicated that workers with a higher educational level were less likely to report shoulder and low back pain than other workers. This supports the finding of a study conducted among hand-sewn shoe workers (Dianat and Salimi 2014). As shown in this study, working posture was an important risk factor for the neck, shoulders and low back pain among sewing workers. This finding provide further evidence that the sewing operations involve frequent head and trunk bending movements over the duration of the task, and therefore imposes unacceptable postural loading on the upper body and limbs. Our findings indicated that the RULA scores for the workers’ upper and lower arm/wrist scores (score A), neck/trunk/legs scores (score B), and the grand scores were relatively high. The relatively high RULA scores in this study highlights that the working postures of the workers were constrained by both the visual and the manual aspects of the sewing tasks, and that the design of the sewing workstations had a significant influence on the postures adopted. This emphasises that in most cases the workers’ postures at their workstations need to be investigated and some changes are required immediately. These findings are in part consistent with several previous reports of poor working postures (assessed by the RULA method) among workers involved in sewing machine operating (Ãâ€"ztà ¼rk and Esin 2011; Teodoroski et al. 2012; Dianat et al. 2015) or hand-sewn shoemaking tasks (Dianat and Salimi 2014). The results also suggest that there is a need to consider other work-related physical and psychosocial aspects of sewing tasks. Interestingly, our findings indicated that perceived speed of work (i.e. fast working) was another independent factor that was positively associated with the occurrence of MSP in all studied body regions (i.e. neck, shoulder and low back areas) among sewing workers. This finding may be attributed to the fact that these workers were paid based on the number of items they completed and this provided an incentive to work at high speed without adequate rest breaks. Moreover, the finding indicated that years of employment as a sewing worker was positively associated with the presence of symptoms in the neck and low back areas, which is in agreement with several previous observations (Kaergaard and Andersen 2000; Wang et al. 2007; Dianat and Salimi 2014). It is also interesting to note that the sewing workers in this study had frequent periods of long duration of sewing work without breaks (i.e. sitting in one place in a static or non-moving position for more than 2 hours), but this was only associated with the occurrence of neck complaints. The results from some previous studies suggest that the long duration of sitting work without a break may increase the risk for neck/shoulder pain among different occupational groups (Wang et al. 2007; Johnston et al. 2008; Dianat and Salimi 2014), and that regular rest breaks may reduce the risk for such complaints (McLean et al. 2001). Therefore, sewing workers should be advised to take regular rest breaks in order to minimise exposure and to help recovery from static and awkward postures. The present study has an advantage that the observer error was controlled by using two trained interviewers in comparison to studies in which there were separate observer for each case. However, the findings presented should be interpreted in the context of the cross-sectional study design. In addition, the findings highlight the importance of both individual and work-related aspects of sewing tasks in association with MSP. Thus, in addition to the work-related factors, it might be useful to consider individual factors (such as age, gender and education) as potential confounders in future analysis of MSP among this working group. Conclusions In conclusion, the main finding of the study was that neck, shoulder and low back pain are frequent in workers involved in different sewing activities. The findings highlight the importance of both individual and work-related (psychosocial and physical) aspects of sewing tasks in association with MSP and emphasis the need for ergonomic interventions for improving the working conditions of this working group. Working posture and fast working were found to be as important predictors of MSP in all studied body regions. Number of years worked as a sewing worker was also shown to increase the risk for neck and low back pain among sewing workers. However, long duration of continuous sitting work without a break was only associated with the occurrence of neck pain. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that working postures of sewing workers should be improved through workstation design for sewing tasks (i.e. based on workers’ anthropometry). Moreover, workers involv ed in these tasks should also be advised to take regular rest breaks in order to alleviate exposure and also to aid recovery from unhealthy working postures. These findings highlight the role of prevention in the workplace in order to reduce MSP.

Kant and Business

Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher from the 18th century, who put forward a new theory of morality. He was very much concerned with formulating a criterion of moral obligation that is different from the traditional moral philosophies of his time, which consisted in the development of good character traits that must be possessed by humans. Other moral philosophies rejected by Kant include utilitarianism, which determined morality based on the consequence of their actions (The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2001).Kant was able to formulate one supreme principle of morality, which he called the categorical imperative.   Kant thus wrote several works to explain his theory of morality, with titles such as â€Å"The Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals,† â€Å"The Critique of Practical Reason,† and â€Å"The Metaphysics of Morals (The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2001).† His first work, The Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals gave Kant†™s clearest explanation of his notion of the categorical imperative.Kant posited that the categorical imperative is the ultimate moral principle, which means that it could serve as the moral principle to guide to all human actions. Given the huge function of the categorical imperative, Kant provided that it must meet specific criteria. Hence, the categorical imperative should be objective, rational and freely chosen (The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2001). The categorical imperative was formulated, thus:â€Å"So act, that the rule on which thou actest would admit of being adopted as a law   Ã‚   by all rational beings. (Kant,1785).†Kant’s moral philosophy is centered on the notion of obligation. This is because Kant believed it is best to have an objective rationale for morality, rather than subjective factors such as pleasure. Moreover, Kant believed that the proper actions of man could be determined through reason alone (The Internet Encyclopedia of Philo sophy, 2001).Kant believed that moral obligation would be met when three essential elements are complied with. The first one involves obligation, which serves as the rational consideration for the human will. Second, this obligation shall be expressed in the form of a command that demands a specific course of action. Lastly, Kant demands thatthe moral standard should not be based on consequences of the act. (The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2001).closely connected with the categorical imperative is the principle of universalizability, formulated by Kant as follows:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"So act, that the rule on which thou actest would admit of being adopted as a law by all rational beings (Kant, 1785).†This principle means that an action can only be considered an ethical imperative if his desired action could be formulated as a general rule for all humans facing similar circumstances in the future (Kant).Laws that could serve as an example of Kant’s ethical philosophy in th e business context are laws against job discrimination. There are many laws that prohibit businesses from discriminating employees on account of their age, gender, national origin, color, or religion. Examples of these laws are the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Equal Pay Act of 1963, and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission).All of these laws comply with the criteria set by Kant to his categorical imperative. These laws look at the notion of obligation and make the laws applicable to all people in similar situations. They also serve as definite rule of conduct that are based on reason and not subjective factors like emotions.ReferencesKant, I. (1785). The Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals.The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2001). The Categorical Imperative. Retrieved    January 31, 2008, from http://www.nd.edu/~rbarger/categorical-imperative.htmlThe U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Federal Laws Prohibiting Job   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Discrimination Questions And Answers. Retrieved January 31, 2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.eeoc.gov/facts/qanda.html

Coffee Drinking Habits Essay

Kantar Media’s Global TGI research (www. globaltgi. com) has explored coffee consumption in different countries, as branches of global coffee house chains become a permanent fixture in even the most far-flung corners of the world. Perhaps surprisingly for a nation once renowned for its tea-drinking, consumers in Great Britain are some of the most likely to visit a cafe for their caffeine fix, report researchers. They share this position with Italians and, among the eight countries analysed, are beaten only by people in Israel, where 75% of respondents visit coffee shops, reports Kantar. The research also reveals the ongoing debate as to the virtues of instant versus filter coffee is alive and well. Whereas 86% of Italians drink ‘proper’ coffee, only 6% of them will consider using instant. Israelis are the highest consumers of instant coffee at 80%, followed by Russians at 72%. Great Britain and Turkey scored low on the ground coffee scale, with 19% and 15% respectively. This research confirms in GB people tend to go to coffee shops for the ‘real deal’ and are generally content with instant coffee at home, said Kantar. Drinking coffee, whether at home or in a cafe, instant or filter, is a global pastime,† said Tracy Allnutt, head of commercial development at Global TGI. â€Å"Global TGI provides brand owners with a flavour for how their marketing strategies should differ by country in order that they reflect the needs of the target market. † The research is the first in a series of ‘Factoids’ produced by Kantar Media’s Global TGI. Scheduled bi-monthly and covering topical issues, they will provide bite-size pieces of information for brand managers in between the more in-depth Dispatches reports undertaken by the company.

Does the Honor System Work Essay - 1561 Words

Does the Honor System Work Almost everyone has cheated on something at least once, whether it was on a test or in a football game, everyone has cheated at least once. For the majority of us, it was only once and we felt guilty enough afterwards to quit, but there are some that continue to cheat at every opportunity. While most colleges and universities would like to think that this does not happen on their campuses, the fact is that it happens everywhere. People have tried solving the cheating problem with various methods, most of which don’t work. The most popular procedure seems to be to spread the students out and keep a close watch. This method is most widely used to make sure that students do not look on each others†¦show more content†¦The Internet is also fast becoming a major tool for the cheater. There are many websites that will give you the information you need to become a successful cheater. One well known site is called SchoolSucks.com which offers term papers to prospective cheaters. You can even get a customized paper written for you by a team of â€Å"experts†. The price ranges for papers being anywhere from free to $200 per paper (Brownstein). Not only can you find sites that will write your paper for you, you can also find sites that will tell you exactly how you can cheat using such items as a Coke bottle or a pack of gum, both things that most professors would not worry about (blurof insanity). Many people wonder what the honor code is exactly. On the college level, it is a method of self-government. It operates on the principle that most students are honest and work best in situations where their honesty is not in question. It is there to prevent academic dishonesty, as well as to penalize those students that are dishonest. Several colleges around the country already have this code in place and have noticed a decrease in cheating. 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